The only moment we have is right now

What are the benefits of #Mindfulness: image via Ekhart Yoga @EkhartYoga, 18 May 2015

I...Barbara Ehrenreich: Mind Your Own Business

Mind Your Own Business: Barbara Ehrenreich, The Baffler #27, 2015

At about the beginning of this decade, mass-market mindfulness rolled out of the Bay Area like a brand new app. Very much like an app, in fact, or a whole swarm of apps.

Previous self-improvement trends had been transmitted via books, inspirational speakers, and CDs; now, mindfulness could be carried around on a smartphone.

There are hundreds of them, these mindfulness apps, bearing names like Smiling Mind and Buddhify.

A fantastic idea c/o the genius @rohan_21awake from @buddhify 'Cards for #Mindfulness': image via Sean PdeC @CaptainCrikey 18 May 2015

A typical example features timed stretches of meditation, as brief as one minute, accompanied by soothing voices, soporific music, and images of forests and waterfalls.

Mindfulness: photo by UW Health, 11 October 2013

This is Buddhism sliced up and commodified, and, in case the connection to the tech industry is unclear, a Silicon Valley venture capitalist blurbed a seminal mindfulness manual by calling it “the instruction manual that should come with our iPhones and BlackBerries.” It’s enough to make you think that the actual Buddha devoted all his time under the Bodhi Tree to product testing. In the mindfulness lexicon, the word “enlightenment” doesn’t have a place.

Seen our brand spanking new #mindfulness website? It's called: bemindful and it's packed full of info!: image via Mental Health Fdn @MHF_tweets, 13 May 2015

In California, at least, mindfulness and other conveniently accessible derivatives of Buddhism flourished well before BlackBerries. I first heard the word in 1998 from a wealthy landlady in Berkeley, advising me to be “mindful” of the suffocating Martha Stewart-ish decor of the apartment I was renting from her, which of course I was doing everything possible to un-see. A possible connection between her “mindfulness” and Buddhism emerged only when I had to turn to a tenants’ rights group to collect my security deposit. She countered with a letter accusing people like me -- leftists, I suppose, or renters -- of oppressing Tibetans and disrespecting the Dalai Lama.

Mindfulness: photo by UW Health, 11 October 2013

During the same stint in the Bay Area, I learned that rich locals liked to unwind at Buddhist monasteries in the hills, where, for a few thousand dollars, they could spend a weekend doing manual labor for the monks. Buddhism, or some adaptation thereof, was becoming a class signifier, among a subset of Caucasians anyway, and nowhere was it more ostentatious than in Silicon Valley, where star player Steve Jobs had been a Buddhist or perhaps a Hindu-- he seems not to have made much of a distinction -- even before it was fashionable for CEOs to claim a spiritual life. Mindfulness guru and promoter Soren Gordhamer noticed in 2013 that tech leaders from Google, LinkedIn, Twitter, and other major tech companies seemed to be “tapped into an inner dimension that guides their work.” He called it “wisdom” and named his annual conferences Wisdom 2.0 -- helpful shorthand, as it happens, for describing the inner smugness of the Bay Area elite.

The view from the Wisdom 2.0 stage on opening night (From Arturo Bejar) #wisdom2015: image via Soren Gordhamer @SorenG, 6 March 2015

Today, mindfulness has far outgrown Silicon Valley and its signature industry, becoming another numbingly ubiquitous feature of the verbal landscape, as “positive thinking” once was. While an earlier, more arduous, version of Buddhism attracted few celebrities other than Richard Gere, mindfulness boasts a host of prominent practitioners -- Arianna Huffington, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Anderson Cooper among them.

Checking out venue for 20-something event on mindfulness and meaning in NYC with Arianna and Huff Post in October ...: image via Soren Gordhamer @SorenG, 14 May 2014

“Mindful leadership” debuted at Davos in 2013 to an overflow crowd, and Wisdom 2.0 conferences have taken place in New York and Dublin as well as San Francisco, with attendees fanning out to become missionaries for the new mind-set. This year’s event in San Francisco advertises not only familiar faces from Google and Facebook, but also speeches by corporate representatives of Starbucks and Eileen Fisher. Aetna, a Fortune 100 health insurance company, offers its 34,000 employees a twelve-week meditation class, and its CEO dreams of expanding the program to include all its customers, who will presumably be made healthier by clearing their minds. Even General Mills, which dates back to the nineteenth century, has added meditation rooms to its buildings, finding that a seven-week course produces striking results. According to the Financial Times,

83 percent of participants said they were “taking time each day to optimize my personal productivity” -- up from 23 percent before the course. Eighty-two percent said they now make time to eliminate tasks with limited productivity value -- up from 32 percent before the course.

With LinkedIn CEO, Jeff Weiner recently at our lunch on Compassionate Management. Awesome day!: image via Soren Gordhamer @SorenG, 12 February 2014

Productivity is only one objective of the new miniaturized meditation; there are also the more profound-sounding goals of “wisdom” and “compassion,” which are not normally associated with Silicon Valley or American business in general. Just a few years ago, say in 2005, the tech industry exemplified a very different kind of corporate ideology, featuring multitasking and perpetually divided attention -- think an incoming call conducted while scanning a new product design, checking email, and deflecting the interruptions of subalterns. It was madness, but the business self-help literature encouraged people to “surf the chaos,” nourishing themselves on caffeine and adrenaline. If we needed to unclutter our minds, we were directed to the gym and an hour or so of intense physical activity. A trim muscular body, combined with an ever-flickering gaze, signified executive status.

Buddha's Guide to Meditation #mindfulness #daily #zen #yoga #buddha #quotes #thesecret: image via Tao of GTD @taoofgtd, 9 May 2015

The backlash against chaos surfing came on quickly, as if The Wolf of Wall Street had been forced to drink a soothing bowl of milk.

I found the perfect spot to enjoy the life changing app #mindfulness #meditation #wellness: image via Amy Synott@amysnnottptsdjedi @ptsdjedi, 9 May 2015

Studies were piling up to suggest that a lifestyle dependent on multiple devices and double-shot espressos might be toxic to the human mind, impeding concentration and undermining human connectedness.

#TechnologyWeek #TEDxAUEB technology #quote #sherryturkle: image via TEDxAUEB @TEDxAUEB, 20 February 2015

There was wild talk of “unplugging” and fleeing offline.

The Psychology of Social Media - Real Simple - #sherryturkle #mindandtechnology: image via Body & Mind @quaeparvasunt, 9 February 2015

In Northern California in 2013, a group called Digital Detox began offering Camp Grounded, a well-publicized summer camp for adults, at which all devices (and alcohol and children and real names) were prohibited, the better to encourage “play” and conversation.

#Mindfulness retreats like now other: image via adrian @conscious2, 9 May 2015

We had once imagined that human attention was infinitely divisible, with each particle of it potentially available to advertisers, entertainers, and employers. But it was turning out to be fragile, even endangered, and in need of constant repair.

#TechnologyWeek #TEDxAUEB technology #quoteMT @TED_ED #Good #Quote #sherryturkle #ParentingSkillz #parenting #kids #mom #dad #children #responsible: image via T.F. Hargret @T.F. Hargret, 22 February 2015

Where brilliance and creativity had formerly reigned, there were, by the turn of the millennium, suspicions of pathology. Child psychiatrists began to drop “bipolarity” as a default diagnosis and turn their attention to attention itself. Too many children were deficient in it, just as their plugged-in parents were often guilty of “distracted parenting.” The switch from bipolarity to attention deficit disorder is hard to date exactly, in part because these conditions are now said to be frequently “comorbid,” or overlapping.

Take a moment and check in with yourself.#mindfulness #LoveConquersHate #loveyourselfie #LoveYourselfProject: image via LoveYourselfProject @LoveYourself, 9 May 2015 Brooklyn, NY

But as we began to spend more and more of our time interacting with mood-less programs and devices, psychiatry seems to have turned from emotional concerns like bipolarity, which is a “mood disorder,” to cognitive problems like ADD and ADHD.

The world of 'wait, what?' and interrupted conversations, #flightfromconversation#sherryturkle: image via navit keren @navit keren, 3 April 2014

At the same time, diagnoses of autism and Asperger’s syndrome were skyrocketing -- especially, as a 2001 article in Wired pointed out, in Santa Clara County, home of Silicon Valley. Among the adult population, surely something was wrong with Steve Jobs, who alternated between obsessive attention to details and complete withdrawal into himself, between a spiritual aloofness and uncontrolled temper tantrums. Some observers thought they detected a hint of autism in the unblinking, almost affect-free Bill Gates, and the characters in HBO’s Silicon Valley are portrayed as well “within the spectrum.”

How #Headspace made one sceptical Hongkonger a convert to #meditation via @SCMP News: image via Headspace @GetHeadspace, 12 May 2015

So Silicon Valley embraced mindfulness with a twinge of contrition. Not only did its corporate culture encourage something called “geek syndrome,” but its products seemed to spread that same derangement to everyone else. The devices that were supposed to make us smarter and more connected to other humans were actually messing with our minds, causing “net brain” and “monkey mind,” as well as physical disorders associated with long hours of sitting. As we click between Twitter and Facebook, text and hypertext, one link and another, synapses are being formed and then broken with febrile inconstancy -- or so a growing number of experts, such as MIT’s Sherry Turkle, warn us -- leaving the neuronal scaffolding too fragile to house large thoughts.

We r uncomfortable being alone w/out devices for 6 mins. After we pref electroshocks. #SherryTurkle #wisdom15 #MIT: image via Katrin Windsor @Katrinwindsor, 28 February 2015

A less arrogant industry might have settled for warning labels on its phones and pads, but Silicon Valley wanted an instant cure, preferably one that was hi-tech and marketable. The great advantage of mindfulness was that it seemed to be based firmly on science; no “hippie bullshit” or other “woo woo” was involved. A neuroscientist reported that Buddhist monks with about ten thousand hours of meditation under their belts had altered brain functions; shorter bouts of meditation seemed to work at least temporary changes in novices. The field of “contemplative neuroscience” was born, and Silicon Valley seized on it for a much-needed “neural hack.” Through meditation, monastic or app-guided, anyone could reach directly into their own moist brain tissue and “resculpt” it in a calmer, more attentive direction. Mindfulness, as its promoters put it, fosters “neuroplasticity.”

Rise Up With Mindfulness - by @ptsdjedi via @GoodMenProject #mindfulness #MHAW15 @mentalhealth: image via ptsdjedi @ptsdjedi, 18 May 2015

No one questions that the brain changes with the experiences the mind undergoes. If thought has a physical basis, as scientists assume, then it produces physical alterations in the brain. Trauma and addiction can lead to lasting problems; even fleeting events may leave the chemical changes in the brain that we experience as memory. In fact, “plasticity” is a pallid descriptor for the constant, ongoing transformation of brain tissue. Neurons reach out to each other through tiny membranous protusions, often forming new synapses. Synapses that fire frequently grow stronger, while the inactive ones wither. Well-connected neurons thrive, while neglected ones die. There is even some evidence that neurons in mature animals can reproduce.

"It's an app that teaches you how to meditate. It's kind of genius."
-- Emma Watson, actress

Headspace mobile app advert: via Headspace

What there is no evidence for, however, is any particularly salubrious effect of meditation, especially in byte-sized doses. This was established through a mammoth, federally sponsored “meta-analysis” of existing studies, published last year, which found that meditation programs can help treat stress-related symptoms but are no more effective in doing so than other interventions, such as muscle relaxation, medication, or psychotherapy. There is no excuse for ignoring this study, which achieved worldwide attention. So maybe meditation does have a calming, “centering” effect, but so does an hour of concentration on a math problem or a glass of wine with friends. As for Silicon Valley’s unique contribution, mindfulness apps, a recent study concluded that there is

an almost complete lack of evidence supporting the usefulness of those applications. We found no randomized clinical trials evaluating the impact of these applications on mindfulness training or health indicators, and the potential for mobile mindfulness applications remains largely unexplored.

Being aware of life WHILE it's happening... yet we mostly WHILE our life away #mindfulness #awareness: image viaMndfullness 24/7 @_Helen_Grain, 9 May 2015

For an industry based on empirical science and employing large numbers of engineers, Silicon Valley has been remarkably incurious about the scientific basis of mindfulness, probably because the “neuroplasticity” concept is just too alluring. If the brain can be resculpted through conscious effort, then mindfulness is as imperative as physical exercise; the brain is a “muscle” and, like any muscle, in need of training. Google’s chief motivator Chade-Meng Tan was an early adopter, setting up the company’s mindfulness training program, Search Inside Yourself, in 2007, and later telling the Guardian:

If you are a company leader who says employees should be encouraged to exercise, nobody looks at you funny. . . . The same thing is happening to meditation and mindfulness, because now that it’s become scientific, it has been demystified. It’s going to be seen as fitness for the mind.

#Mindfulness practice is scientifically proven to significantly improve productivity. #HeadspaceFacts #science: image via Headspace @Get_Headspace, 14 May 2015

One popular and highly rated mindfulness app, Get Some Headspace, advertises itself as a “gym membership for the mind.” Only it’s easier than working out, of course, or even yoga. As one enthusiastic software entrepreneur said of the Headspace app, “You don’t have to sit in a lotus position. You just press ‘play’ and chill out.”

We followed 4 brand new Headspacers for a month. Find out what happened: #RadioHeadspace: image via Headspace @Get_Headspace, 17 May 2015

Outside of meditation, which can take just a few minutes a day, the daily practice of mindfulness can be summarized as pay attention, or better yet, pay attention to one thing at a time. Take out the earphones when the children are trying to talk to you. Listen carefully to colleagues, look them in the eyes, and attempt to comprehend things from their point of view. Do not multitask; just sink yourself into “the moment,” one task at a time.

Louise Hay: The point of power is always in the present moment: image by BK, 3 January 2015

What could be simpler?

My meditation spot today #santacruz: image via Soren Gordhamer @SorenG, 5 January 2014

Left unanswered in all of this is the question of what to be mindful of. Yes, the children. But what do you do when one of them is trying to confide in you and the other one is screaming from the bedroom?

You are enough. You are so enough. It is unbelievable how enough you are. -- true story #kindness #mindfulness: image via Carrie Elks Headspace @Carrie Elks, 18 May 2015

Or say you’re at a business lunch. You have to be mindful of your companion while simultaneously attempting to eat without spilling or choking -- and I say you would be remiss if you failed to notice the sad-eyed busboy who is refilling the water glasses.

Does multitasking make you more productive? #HeadspaceonTime: image via Headspace @ Get_Headspace, 15 May 2015

Divided attention far predates the advent of smartphones and is intrinsic to many human activities, such as child-raising, cooking a large meal, and waiting on tables. Or take one of the most ancient human occupations -- war -- which is relevant because the mindfulness promoters are beginning to market their product to the U.S. military.

Incoming fire can come from any direction, at unexpected times and speeds. Morale must be considered, as well as changing instructions from the strategists in command. There is no danger of soldiers distractedly checking their Facebook pages; the issue is whether they have the mental bandwidth demanded by the exigencies of battle.

Silicon Valley got its own tiny taste of combat at the 2014 Wisdom 2.0 conference in San Francisco. The panel on “3 Steps to Build Corporate Mindfulness the Google Way” had just begun when a small group of protesters walked on stage and unfurled a banner saying “Eviction-Free San Francisco,” a reference to the savage gentrification that Google, among others, has inflicted on the city. After security pushed the protesters offstage and started a tug-of-war for the banner, a Google mindfulness representative intoned, “We can use this as a moment of practice. Check in with your body and see what’s happening, what it’s like to be around conflict and people with heartfelt ideas that may be different than what we’re thinking.” Zen-like, the panel rolled on, undistracted by the brief glimpse of mass evictions and homelessness.

Mindfulness Movie at the Rio Theatre!: photo by Kyle Pearce, 18 March 2014

II...Wisdom 2.0: The only moment we have is right now

At google Dublin getting ready for the kickoff tomorrow...: image via Soren Gordhamer @SorenG, 15 September 2014

Wisdom2.0: it came for our heartbeats, now Google wants our souls: Tech companies are embracing mindfulness to help staff deal with stress -- and help seize back control from the gadgets that have taken over our lives: Carole Cadwalladr in Dublin for The Guardian, 19 September 2014

Dublin’s Google headquarters bears all the hallmarks of the modern tech workplace: an industrial chic aesthetic, endless free snacks, designer furniture in primary colours that looks like it’s been hijacked from a children’s playground, and, this week, the advanced forces of what may or may not be the Next Big Thing: not a new mobile phone, or a really super fancy watch, but something even more radically cutting-edge: “wisdom”.

Because for three days this week, in an auditorium at the heart of the city’s hi-tech cluster, an unholy alliance of Googlers, Buddhist monks, techies, HR directors, MPs and recovering CEOs bandied around words like “compassion”, “empathy”, “communion” and “consciousness”.

This was Wisdom2.0, a Californian conference that grew out of the west coast’s twin obsessions of technology and self-actualisation, and that came to Europe for the first time this week.

It has already held events in Google’s Mountain View office and at Facebook and since its inception six years ago, it’s been enthusiastically taken up by the tech industry. More than 2,000 people attended Wisdom2.0’s main event in San Francisco this year, and it’s attracted high-profile supporters like Arianna Huffington and Jeff Weiner, CEO of LinkedIn, and now it’s looking to take the message to a global audience.

Almost there .... #wisdom2conf: image via Soren Gordhamer @SorenG, 14 February 2014

It might be called a conference, but to the uninitiated it looked more like a revival meeting or religious gathering -- just without the religion bit getting in the way. Prayer bells called the delegates back to session, regular “stillness” breaks were built into the agenda, and at one point participants were told to put their arm around the person next to them, softly stroke them “and feel the connection”.

It’s technology that’s at the heart of this, or at least what technology is doing to our lives.

And Wisdom2.0’s mission is to address this, “the great challenge of our age”: how to “live connected to one another through technology … in ways that are beneficial to our own well-being.”

Another take on it is that the tech industry having captured our attention, our time and our bank accounts with their endlessly distracting devices, and created apps that measure our heartbeats and quantify our physical health, has taken the next logical step: it is now after our souls.

Intel engineers meditating: photo by Intel Free Press via The Guardian, 19 September 2014

Soren Gordhamer, Wisdom2.0’s founder, explained to the delegates who had paid up to €600 each, that at its heart it represented an attempt “to bring ancient wisdom into the modern age”. And at the vanguard of the movement is mindfulness, the secular version of meditation that is said to do everything from slowing ageing to improving your sex life.

It’s currently vying to overtake yoga as the must-do metropolitan leisure activity but it’s also had proven clinical results –- to reduce stress, aid sleep, and improve both physical and mental well-being –- and Chris Ruane, the Labour MP for the Vale of Clwyd, told the audience about how, having introduced mindfulness to the House of Commons, an all-party parliamentary group is now trying to roll it out into wider public life after the next general election.

A Listen deeply to yourself. We make decisions all the time. #mindfulness: image via Cards for Mindfulness @mindfulcards, 9 May 2015

Where is my mind now? Life trains our attention to be dragged from here to there. #mindfulness: image via Cards for Mindfulness @mindfulcards, 9 May 2015

Touch Screen Cards for #Mindfulness #kickstarter: image via Cards for Mindfulness @mindfulcards, 18 May 2015

But that is just the beginning. Alfred Tolle, a senior sales manager at Google who was the host for the event, went even further. It was, he said, about trying to create “a collective consciousness” that would hopefully “make the world a better place”.

This is it my friends.. Prevents sicknesses of the mind #mindfulness #brainhealth: image via Wellness Mindfulness 911 @well, 12 May 2015

“Ten years ago, if you’d said this sort of thing, people would have said ‘Put the hippy in the ground’,” he said later. “But today, people are starting to get it. Even in management meetings, I talk about connecting inner and outer worlds and people look at me suspiciously, but they sort of get it.”

Is #mindfulness worth the hype? Find out by reading our top 12 research blogs #mhaw15: image via The Mental Elf @Mental_Elf, 11 May 2015

Tolle has been practising Zen meditation for 25 years and on top of his sales remit, he seems to have taken it upon himself to become Google’s unofficial chief soul officer. He said he wanted to hold the event because “we have to reconnect to our souls and ourselves in order to use technology wisely. I see it as my job to drive Google in that direction.”

Mindfulness for Geeks: the 7 Best Meditation Apps #mindfulness #meditation #apps #stressrelief: image via Business O Féminin @bizzofemininINT, 9 May 2015

There is, said one of the participants, a Dublin-based technologist called Frazer McKimm who studies human and machine interaction, “an increasing sense of disquiet. There’s a sense that our relationship with technology has become something that even the creators of it can’t control. Even the dominators are being dominated. It’s infantilising us in a way.”

#Mindfulness in schools: Is this the cure-all for anxiety, student stress and bullying?: image via Today's Parent @Todaysparent, 12 May 2015

The challenge, according to a Scottish app developer, Rohan Gunatillake, is to deal with it without “pathologising our relationship to technology”. He proposed that mindfulness should be built into all technology, and suggests solutions including a traffic system warning for websites and nutrition information-style labels that detail what they do to our mental health; he singled out newspaper comment sections, which should carrying a big red flag. “Technology is not the problem,” he told the conference. “Bad technology is the problem.”

Embrace the journey: #mindfulness #daily #zen #yoga #buddha #quotes #thesecret: image via Tao of GTD @taoofgtd, 9 May 2015

In fact, says Gordhamer, it’s no surprise that questions about meaning and purpose have been embraced so enthusiastically by the tech industry. “If you look at the tech founders they all found success so young that it’s only natural that they should now be asking, ‘What else is there?’”

Beginner's Guide to Meditation #mindfulness #daily #zen #yoga #buddha #quotes #thesecret: image via Tao of GTD @taoofgtd, 9 May 2015

And, it’s that question -- what else is there? -- that had drawn participants from as far afield as Australia. Katrin Bauer, a 46-year-old consultant radiologist from Dundee, said that she’d discovered meditation as a means of coping with the stress of technology.

“I work on a computer all day and they break, they go wrong, we don’t have the most up-to-date software. I didn’t tell my colleagues at first. These eastern practices are seen as a bit of a taboo in the NHS but so many of my colleagues are off sick -- very capable, talented people who just burn out. And there is an absolute clinical benefit to mindfulness that goes far beyond just churning out more pills. There is so much more that could be done to improve people’s well-being.”

Before you respond or react, choose #mindfulness and silence. Ask your heart, "is this the right thing for me?"<3: i=""> image via Wendy Sue Noah @3:>WendySueNoah, 18 May 2015

Just as mindfulness secularised an ancient spiritual practice that’s been used for thousands of years, so the new wisdom industry has taken other concepts, more usually associated with religious practice, and given them a fresh new spin, foremost among them “compassion”, the buzzword of Wisdom2.0.

Tania Singer, a neuroscientist at the Max Planck Institute, who has led the biggest research study so far in to the effect of mindfulness on the brain, gave a talk in which she showed her research into neuroplasticity and “affective training”. Compassion, she claimed, is distinct from empathy. It can be taught. And it had the effect of making new areas of the brain light up: in effect, it made its subjects happier.

Kelly Palmer, head of “talent transformation and inclusion” at LinkedIn made in her talk entitled “Fostering empathetic connection: lessons from compassion Efforts at LinkedIn” which included the information that “sometimes the most compassionate thing you can do is to let an employee go.”

The crowd that gathered to hear @jeffweiner share about the importance of Compassionate Management ... #wisdomweek: image via Soren Gordhamer @SorenG, 12 February 2014

The cynical take on all this is that it’s big business trying to create a new generation of happy worker drones. The chief people officer -– or what used to be called the head of HR -- for Zynga had come to look for new ideas to take into the workplace and she explained that it was not enough to provide industrial chic furnishings and a free lunch any more: “Millennials want more than that. They want meaning.”

There has been “a convergence of work and personal life,” she said. “People are never really off so we have to address the whole person. And if we can help people, it helps employee retention. Anything that helps people personally has benefits that apply to the whole company.”

But for all the corporate talk, there was, at times, more than a touch of the Timothy Leary to the event.

Your thoughts can be ur best friend or your worst enemy -- Good news U CAN LEARN TO CONTROL YOUR THOUGHTS #mindfulness: image via Wellness Mindfulness 911 @well, 17 May 2015

“What is money?” asked Google’s Alfred Tolle, at one point. “It’s just a bunch of zeros.” And a significant proportion of the audience had already tuned in, turned on and dropped out. Participants included the former CEO of a Norwegian TV station, a former barrister,

Neil Seligman, who now teaches lawyers at big City firms how to be more “conscious”. Friedhelm Boschert, former CEO of major European bank, Volksbank International, said that he used to do weekly Zen meditation with his top managers and is now teaching it to other bankers as part of something he calls “New Banking” - top-down old banking apparently having got us into the current financial mess.

Is it the start of the push back? Or simply corporate America’s latest initiative to bend the world to its will? “We don’t check people at the door,” said Soren Gordhamer.

“My work is to show up and be present for people who care. The only moment we ever have is right now. Life is more fulfilling when we show up without an agenda.”

Want to step up your #conscious evolution #mindfulness? This is a great resource: image via Art of Forgetting @ArtForgetting, 18 May 2015

III...Mindfulness and Genocide

Una moschea distrutta a #Sittwe #Myanmar Memento degli scontri con la minoranza musulmana #Rohingya @alice_miranda1: image via Isola di Lipari @isoladilipari, 15 May 2015

Saffron Terror: an audience with Burma's 'Buddhist Bin Laden’ Ashin Wirathu: The UN claims that Burma's Muslim Rohingya are among the most persecuted minorities in the world. Their most vocal enemy is Ashin Wirathu, an influential Buddhist monk who is calling for the expulsion of the "Bengali" few. GQ enters a hellish world of ethnic massacres, vicious reprisals and concentration camps: Alex Preston, British GQ, 11 February 2015

I'm in a tuk-tuk heading through the city centre, bouncing over potholed roads past trees in which fruit bats hang like giant seedpods. Gun-toting guards appear out of the heavy littoral haze and I shrink back into the damp canvas of the tuk-tuk's sunshade, pulling my cap down over my eyes.

I'm in Sittwe, Rakhine State, western Burma, the site of one of the most devastating humanitarian crises on the planet, called by many a genocide.

A displaced #Rohingya woman carries her severely malnourished twins in #Sittwe, west #Myanmar. Reuters/Minzayar: image via Pouria Moradi @moradipouria, 4 May 2014

Sittwe, formerly home to 200,000 people but now decimated by ethnic violence, wears an air of terminal neglect, the once-grand colonial buildings green, mildewed and crumbling. Halfway down the high street, next to the picturesque but non-functioning clock tower, police officers swing low-slung machine guns in front of the city's main mosque, now a blackened shell.

Police stand guard outside the destroyed offices of an international aid group in #Sittwe #Myanmar March 28, 2014: image via Hamidullah Babu @Hamidullah BabuIsola di Lipari @isoladilipari, 25 April 2014Bangladesh 2015

During religious riots in the summer of 2012, the majority of Sittwe's mosques were torched and left open to the creeping ravages of the sea air.

#Rohingya #Myanmar #Wirathu: image via farhat @farhatkibachi, 18 May 2015

Around them, where once Muslims and Buddhists lived side by side, whole blocks stand empty, ghost towns, islands within the city.

#Myanmar Gov are trying to drive out the Rohingya from the Rakhine Soil using gun point and harassment. #UN and #EU: image via mohmmadibrahim @mohmmadibrahim3, 13 January 2015

The security forces are everywhere, with guard huts every few hundred metres, blockades across all major roads, a dusk-to-dawn curfew for all of the city's inhabitants.

End of the road. A mosque and surrounding houses burn following a riot in Meiktila, Burma, March 2013: photo via British GQ, 11 February 2015

I have come to Sittwe to meet the Rohingya people, whom the UN call "one of the most persecuted minorities in the world".

Rosheda, 20, holds her malnourished child, 2 months old, in front of her hut in #Sittwe: image via Nay San Lwin @nslwin, 9 May 2014

The Rohingya, a Muslim ethnic group in this Buddhist-dominated country, were already a marginalised minority during Burma's half-century-long military dictatorship. But since 2011, when the junta began its tentative steps towards democracy, the plight of these stateless people has taken a desperate dive for the worse. Subjected to punitive laws by the new "civilian" government (still, in fact, dominated by the military), which limits everything from marriage to education to the number of children they may have (a two-child policy), the Rohingya have suffered regular and bloody attacks from local Buddhists.

#burma #Rohingya #RohingyaGenocide @AungSanSuuKyi #wirathu #UN @UNrightswire @hrw #LetItBe...: image via Mohamed Hamdouni @HamdouniMohamed, 18 May 2015

Often these attacks have been spearheaded by the same orange-robed monks who led a series of demonstrations against the junta in 2007, known as the "Saffron Revolution". A warped and violent version of Buddhism has grasped hold of many monasteries in Burma, with hate-speech directed against Muslims across the country, and particularly the Rohingya.

@Sthumoe We are Blocked ##Sittwe #Kyauktaw #Minbya #MraukOo #Myebon #HelpTheRohingya @HonJohnBaird: image via Abbie @Abbie _0019, 10 August 2014

Mosques have been attacked, villages set on fire and thousands chased from their homes. Massacres have leapt from village to village in Rakhine State, with machetes the weapon of choice.

#Rohingya under #genocidal blockage faced whirlwind and heavy rain, need urgent help. #Sittwe, #Arakan, #Burma: image via Sung Aung @Aungaungsittwe, 16 July 2014

In May 2012, the rape and murder of a woman in the village of Tha Pri Chaung unleashed a wave of violence against the Rohingya. In the subsequent months more than 600 were murdered, with scores of villages looted and burned. Then in March 2013, an argument in a jeweller's shop in the town of Meiktila sparked an orgy of violence. A Buddhist mob rampaged through the town's Muslim quarter, killing dozens, most of them women and children. Muslim youths retaliated, pulling a monk from his bicycle, dousing him in petrol and burning him alive. Then Buddhists attacked the Islamic boarding school of Mingalar Zayone, dragging students and teachers out onto the street and hacking 32 to death as the security services looked on.

@drzami Could u pl share it on FB, mine blocked: image via Aung Aung @Aungaungsittwe, 13 April 2015

Before my visit, Matthew Smith, founder of human-rights organisation Fortify Rights, sent me a video of the Meiktila massacre. Burmese police officers stand by as, like a scene from Mad Max, an already bruised and bleeding middle-aged Muslim man is tied by his ankles behind a motorbike by Buddhist youths.

End of the road. A mosque and surrounding houses burn following a riot in Meiktila, Burma, March 2013: photo via British GQ, 11 February 2015

There is cheering as the bike roars off down the rock-strewn road, flaying skin from the bouncing body as it goes.

The scene in Meiktila during the March 2013 riots, A disagreement in a jeweller's shop between Muslim staff and Buddhist customers is believed to have triggered the violence.: photo via British GQ, 11 February 2015

Until 2012, Sittwe was home to the largest concentration of Rohingya in the country -- 40 per cent of the population. Now almost a quarter of a million Rohingya have been rounded up into concentration camps along Rakhine's low-lying coastline, with only a handful remaining in central Sittwe, trapped in a heavily guarded ghetto called Aung Mingalar.

WritingOnTheWall -- Saw this great graffiti yesterday on a perimeter wall near an IDP camp in #Sittwe: image via Fred Ndaga @fndaga, 9 May 2014

The Rohingya camps lie to the west of town, past barbed-wire barricades, an army barracks and Sittwe university campus, which has been taken over by the security services -- six Black Marias stand in the central forecourt as I pass. The camps are supposedly off limits to foreigners but, with the help of Fortify Rights, I've managed to find a local who will, for a price, get me inside. I keep my head down as we move through the police blockade, past another burnt-out mosque and into the camps.

#Burma government and Rakhine Extremists pushed #Desperate and lonely #Rohingya kids to flee by boat #AljazeeraEnglish image via mohmmadibrahim @mohmmadibrahim3, 28 April 2014

The horrors of the Rohingya camps stay with a man. International aid agencies were expelled from Rakhine State in early 2014, driven out by a mixture of localised violence and co-ordinated political pressure.

Rosheda, 20, holds her malnourished child, 2 months old, in front of her hut in #Sittwe: image via Nay San Lwin @nslwin, 9 May 2014

I come across a makeshift clinic set up by a local volunteer and his wife in an attempt to make up for the lack of health care in the camps.

@BurmaTaskForce There is no hospital fr 1 million #Rohingya, we use this leaves fr diarrhea or stomach problems: image via Aung Aung @Aungaungsittwe, 11 May 2015

The Burmese government has shamefully neglected to fill the hole it helped to create, so the sick in the camps flock to shacks like this one, where out-of-date medicines are piled on a table in the shadowy interior and the harried health worker -- he stresses that he's not a qualified doctor -- attempts to help many of those who, by now, are beyond help. I sit beside a man in his sixties with a lacerating cough that sends out a spray of fine red mist. The health worker, portly, sweating, introduces me to his wife. She's the only midwife in this section of the camp, looking after a population of many tens of thousands. There is a difficult labour across the river, she tells me, hefting herself onto the back of a motorbike.

#Myanmar has made master plan to send #Rohingya 3 places during one year @UN Council, @hrws: image via mohmmadibrahim @mohmmadibrahim3, 19 April 2014

We continue deeper into the camps. The huts and shacks look frighteningly flimsy, all the more so when you remember that Cyclone Nargis battered Burma in 2008, killing around 138,000. I meet babies blind and bloated from hunger, HIV patients who, now the aid agencies have gone, are unable to receive antiretroviral drugs. "I can maybe get treatment outside of the camp," one of them tells me, "but I'm scared. They will kill me quicker than the disease." A six-year-old boy, the age of my son, stands with his mother in front of their shack. He has TB and coughs every few minutes, his eyes bulging. He spits red at my feet. Tumours cluster around the skin of his neck and under his arms. His mother strokes his hair, sobbing.

#Rohingya in IDP Camp in Sittwe have no permission to go out to take Medicine and treatment No Hospital @UNrightswire: image via mohmmadibrahim @mohmmadibrahim3, 19 April 2014

By the end of the day, I've spoken to dozens within the camps. I've seen the clinics built by the government but left locked and unstaffed, as if taunting the desperate and dying around them. I've seen so many lying out on their deathbeds, so many clearly suffering the effects of malnutrition, so many crushed by the poverty and drudgery and hunger.

#Rohingya will disappear soon in Rakhine State if the @UNrightswire is slow in taking action against Myanmar Government: image via mohmmadibrahim @mohmmadibrahim3, 19 April 2014

That these camps exist anywhere in the world is a shock, worse still that they exist in a country which is currently receiving a flood of foreign investment in the wake of the military junta's tentative steps towards democracy. That evening, the tuk-tuk rattling through the rising mist, we leave over a bridge built by the British in the Second World War. As we wait for our turn to cross, a young man leans into the tuk-tuk. "Go to see Aung Mingalar," he says. "It is worse for them there."

Life of #Rohingya under genocidal blockage of #Arakan #Burma #Sittwe #Myanmar: image via Adnan Kiani @makiani2005, 20 April 2014

Aung Mingalar is a ghetto under siege, wrapped behind ribbons of tangled barbed wire, heavily armed guards blocking every road leading in or out. I know several journalists who've tried to get in and failed. Aid agencies were allowed in until the end of 2013. Since then, no one really knows how bad things are for those living in the ghetto. In my efforts to get inside, I'm introduced to a tuk-tuk driver who used to work for French NGO (non-governmental organisation) Action Contre la Faim. He tells me he knows one of the guards. We pull up to the gatepost and the driver gets out. There is a moment when I think we've succeeded, but the driver's shoulders sag and comes back to me shaking his head.

@akyabsittwe: #Rohingyas R under the rain #plz help us *AungMinGalar #Sittwe #Burma": image via Abbie @Abbie_019, 11 May 2014dnan Kiani @makiani2005, 20 April 2014

I decide to try a more direct route. I get the driver to drop me a hundred yards from the western entrance to the ghetto. I can see six guards watching me approach, four on one side, two on the other. They hold their AK-47s across their chests. I can feel my pulse behind my eyes and force myself to take slow breaths. Ignoring the guards, I march forward, hurrying into something between a walk and a run when I pass the barricades. I make it 30 yards or so before the guards catch up with me. In that time I'm able to see wide, empty streets, a group of skinny youths breaking rocks by the roadside, a baby with his hands wrapped around a bulging belly.

The guards have their machine guns pointing at me, one is shouting in Burmese. I hold up my hands, smiling and allow myself to be led into the barracks beside the gatehouse. I'm forced down into a chair and offered a cigarette. I don't smoke, but I take it anyway. The guards look at me closely and, for want of anything better to do, I hold out a photocopy of my passport. They pass it around, speaking animatedly. "Tourist," I say, smiling dumbly. "Just a tourist." Finally one of them gets on his motorcycle and heads off, not, as I'd thought, into Sittwe, but towards the centre of Aung Mingalar. I smoke the cigarette down as I wait. More guards arrive, a senior-looking police officer who's been awoken from a nap and is in his vest.

Finally the guard comes back on his motorbike with, riding pillion, a young Rohingya man. "I speak English," he says. "My name is Myo Win. You can't be here." I ask him why not and sudden, surprising tears spring to his eyes. "Because of the attacks, because of what it's like inside. They have told me to tell you that if you leave now, you can go. Otherwise..." He looks towards the police officer in the vest and shakes his head. I take him by the hand and say goodbye, wave buffoonishly to the guards and make my way back through the barricades, to freedom.

Burnt pages of the Quran after religious riots: photo via British GQ, 11 February 2015

"As a monk I shouldn't say this, but there is only one way to solve the problem: we must fight back. We must fight violence with violence." The chief monk of the village temple is in his early forties, a heavyset man in orange-gold robes, his bald head glistening with sweat in the fierce heat of early summer. He won't give me his name. "Monks are still men," he continues, "and as men, we won't stand by and watch our villages being taken over, our women raped."

@bbcburmese USDP party of terrorist leader #Thein Sein has started using #Buddhist #Dhammaryun for 2015 election as they did B4: image via Aung Aung @Aungaungsittwe, 26 March 2015

We are sitting on a raised bamboo platform at the back of the dilapidated monastery in a village in the western outskirts of Sittwe, just outside of the Rohingya camps. Surrounded by barbed wire, the monastery is a battered brick shell, fluttering bunting strung across its prayer hall, the roof open to the elements. Towards the ocean, whose distant roar can be heard above the chirping of crickets and the crying of village children, dark-leafed mango trees droop their heavy green fruit.

It has taken a while to find the monastery. We'd stopped to ask directions at a village house. While a man made vague gestures westwards, his wife ran inside. As we walked away, my photographer, Kaung Htet, told me that he'd heard her phoning the secret services, warning them that "Americans" were poking around a place off limits to foreigners. We'd have to be quick.

#969 terrorist leader #Wirathu and #Rakhine Army: image via Aung Aung @Aungaungsittwe, 13 April 2015

The road outside the monastery bore the scars of the vicious fighting that has rolled unchecked through the region since 2012 -- broken glass, blackened hedges. We were ushered inside the monastery compound and onto the platform, where the chief monk sat cross-legged and stately, a line of wicked-looking machetes laid out to one side of the bamboo lean-to. Novices in robes of deep burgundy stood watching.

The chief monk sees himself as a frontline warrior in the battle to stop his country being invaded by the people he calls "Bengalis" -- the Rohingya. He is one of the Buddhist monks who, in the face of what they see as an international conspiracy funded by Muslim countries from Saudi Arabia to Malaysia, are taking up arms against Islam. He points to white-lipped scars running across his arms, dark burns on his wrists and fingers. "I got these fighting the Bengalis," he says. "Danger is always here for us. There are Bengali houses just there." He gestures to a group of makeshift huts on the horizon, part of the Rohingya camps which stretch for mile after mile down the coast. "During the violence, hundreds of Bengalis attacked us and tried to set the village houses on fire. We caught a group of them with bottles of gasoline and lighters. They told us their imam had ordered them to set the village on fire." In June 2012, he tells me, more than a thousand Rohingya launched an assault on the village. "At first we thought it was a Muslim funeral, there were so many of them. Then we realised it was an attack. We had to fight for our lives." Witness reports paint a much murkier picture, suggesting that the Rohingya were merely fighting off Buddhist attackers.

@JamilaHanan Look at this car, 969 #Buddhist programs of #Sitagu, head of 969, teacher of #Wirathu going around and spreading hate: image via Aung Aung @Aungaungsittwe, 9 March 2015

I ask the chief monk about Ashin Wirathu, the monk who dubs himself the "Burmese bin Laden" and leads the viciously anti-Muslim 969 Movement. Wirathu had recently visited Rakhine State, giving hate-filled speeches to crowds of thousands about the wickedness of the "kalars" (a highly offensive term for Muslims) and the need for Rakhine Buddhists to defend themselves at all costs. "Wirathu is a good man," the chief monk says. "He's just trying to prevent bad things happening, to protect the integrity of Buddhism.

An interview with Ashin #Wirathu and a glimpse into #Rohingya camps #Religion #Burma #Myanmar: image via Andrew Bateman @Andrew_Bateman, 9 March 2015

"The media are all owned by Muslims, and they paint only negative pictures of him." At the mention of Wirathu, the chief monk's temper seems to snap. His voice rises, his words coming out fast and jumbled. One of the novice monks begins to smack a hammer into his hand just behind me. "The media accuse us of having put the Bengalis in concentration camps. But there are no gas chambers here. The NGOs like Médecins Sans Frontières and Malteser International were all helping the Bengalis. They were training the Bengalis to attack our country. We found explosives and ammunition in the NGOs' warehouses."

His voice has pitched to a shriek. All of a sudden, he stands, lifting his heavy body remarkably quickly, and orders us from the monastery. When Kaung Htet tries to take his picture, he holds up a hand and gestures again for us to leave, marching us out of the gates and back into the village. He is there, watching, arms crossed, as we walk back along the dusty road towards town.

Demonstrators against Burmese ethnic cleansing and Islamophobic genocide: PA photo via British GQ, 11 February 2015

Four days later, I'm at Mandalay airport to meet Ashin Wirathu. Wirathu's 969 Movement has been the vanguard of Burma's anti-Muslim feeling, with the monk leading rallies in which he calls for Muslims to be expelled from the country, for a crackdown on the Muslim men he accuses of forcing Buddhist females into polygamy and apostasy.

Wirathu has been an extraordinary beneficiary of the country's recent reforms. Arrested with four of his followers in 2003 for inciting anti-Muslim violence, he was originally sentenced to 25 years in jail. He was released in 2011 as the government liberated the vast majority of political prisoners. Since then, Wirathu has seized upon the huge growth of social media in a country where Facebook was banned until three years ago. Every day, Wirathu's Facebook page is updated with the details of alleged new Muslim atrocities - murders, bomb attacks and, above all, rape, which he claims is used by Muslims not only as an instrument of terror, but as a way of carrying out a sub rosa colonisation of the country. He tours Burma constantly, his vituperative speeches swiftly disseminated on YouTube.

GQ has been granted a rare audience with Wirathu; better still, he's invited me to come and spend two days in the compound from which he runs the 969 Movement. It's an unprecedented glimpse into the activities of this charismatic monk, one of the key players in the rapidly evolving Burmese political scene.

The next day, having caught only a brief glimpse of the monk as he was shuttled from the airport to a late-night 969 rally, I set off for our meeting. We drive through Mandalay's sprawling grid of streets, past the vast, walled palace, once the home of the royal family, now headquarters of the Tatmadaw, Burma's mighty military. Still, signs adorn the walls cheerily proclaiming that "Tatmadaw [will] crush all those harming the union."

Can such #intolerant words come from a #buddhist? '#Wirathu calls UN envoy a ‘whore’: image via Maharani Frangipani @MaharanMyanmar, 23 January 2015

Wirathu's compound sits within the New Masoeyein Monastery, over the brackish waters of the Irrawaddy River from the town's huge jade market. In the stillness of the morning, as we step from the car, the cries of market traders can be heard across the river.

A novice sweeps the ground in front of the building in which Wirathu lives and works, a three-storey wooden block. Clouds of dust whip up around the huge billboard pinned to the side of the building. It is a grisly collage of alleged Muslim atrocities: a beheaded baby, blue and green gore spewing from the dark hole of his neck; murdered monks lying in a road; machete-hacked women; a group of men in Muslim garb burning bodies outside a pagoda.

Wirathu arrives in his SUV and we stand talking for a moment in the cool morning air. I notice that a hair protrudes from a follicle in his neck. It is thick and dark and at least eight inches long. We make our way into the building, where a group of 969 members stand around. Others sit eating breakfast in the refectory that seems to double as a dormitory. Wirathu eases himself into a wicker chair and gestures for me to sit at his feet. I do so, reaching to stroke the dog that patters in and out of the building, searching for titbits.

Noises echo around us as we talk: the shriek of brainfever birds outside, a monk hawking and spitting in an upper room, the clatter of plates. Behind Wirathu stands a monk who introduces himself as 969's press officer. He records our discussion and, every time Wirathu uses the word "kalar" (as loaded and abhorrent as "nigger"), he leans respectfully forwards and intones, "Muslim." Wirathu ignores the correction.

#Wirathu "Certains disent que je suis le nouvel Hitler" #Birmanie: image via Emilie Gougache @MilieGgch, 22 February 2015

I ask Wirathu about the situation in Rakhine. There is a serious threat from terrorists, he tells me, with Muslims looking to carry out attacks across the state. The blame lies firmly with the international community. "You should go there and see the terrible things the NGOs have done," he tells me. "Most of the money from the Muslim world that is supporting the Bengalis [the Rohingya] is being channelled through the NGOs. Saudi Arabia is funnelling money through the NGOs. The NGOs are all working for the Rohingya; they are discriminating against the native Rakhine."

He tells me how Muslims have taken over the country, flooding across the border from Bangladesh, snapping up jobs, seizing control of key industries. "In Yangon," he says, "most of the construction companies are owned by Muslims. You can rarely find Buddhists there. They have contacts within government that allow them to do business more easily in Burma than Buddhists."

We move on to speak about Wirathu's Facebook campaign to spread news of alleged Muslim crimes in the country. I question whether the small number of Muslims in the country -- at last count less than five per cent of the population -- could really carry out attacks on the scale that Wirathu claims.

#UN Urged, #US Calls on #BurmaMyanmarto stop the on going one sided Violence in @Rakhine State, #Burma has no such intention: image via mohmmadibrahim @mohmmadibrahim3, 23 April 2014

"Rape by Muslims of Buddhist girls is a very frequent event in Burma," he tells me. "An everyday occurrence. I post as many of them as I can on my Facebook page, just to let people know how common it is. Today I'll post a case on my site that happened last month and the man has just been sentenced."

#MyanmarArmy used gunpoint to collect wrong census Data village to Village, by force: image via mohmmadibrahim @mohmmadibrahim3, 22 April 2014

He goes on to say that one of 969's key roles is supporting the families of those attacked by Muslims. "There was a case in Mandalay," he says. "A six-year-old Burmese girl was raped by a 55-year-old 'kalar' landlord. I supported the family of the girl. I found them another place to stay during the trial. There was another rape case in Yangon, a similar situation, where I supported the family with money from my own pocket."

#TSein #Wirathu #ASSK #Silence on tue en @BIRMANIE @VoiceRohingya @Islametinfo @ccif @InfoBirmanie: image via Collectif HAMEB @Collectif HAMEB, 6 March 2015

It feels strange to come this far in an article about Burma without mention of the country's great human-rights heroine, Aung San Suu Kyi, but this is symptomatic of her stance on anti-Muslim violence in general and the plight of the Rohingya in particular. She has been silent in the face of the bloodshed, trying to explain it away as the natural result of the country's move towards democracy. More charitable commentators suggest that Daw Suu, as she's known, is playing a political game.

Others, such as Mark Farmaner of Burma Campaign UK, are more critical. "I think she has seriously miscalculated her response to anti-Muslim violence in Burma," he tells me. "She has ended up with the worst of both worlds. On the one hand, she hasn't spoken up for an oppressed and endangered minority, on the other hand, she's still being attacked by the 969 Movement and losing support because there remains a perception that she's friendly to Muslims. Because she didn't take a firm moral stance against anti-Muslim feeling from the start, using her moral authority, she has opened the way for people like Wirathu to act with absolute impunity."

#HyperCacher #bouddhisme #bouddha @pizzahut #birmanie #wirathu #islam #genocide @benladen @hyper_casher @Vincennes_9...: image via Renaud Bizart @renaudbizart, 16 March 2015

I notice that Wirathu wears a deep-blue tattoo of a peacock on his inner arm -- symbol of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League For Democracy party. He gives a little chuckle and makes as if to scrub it away. "As a political leader, I used to really admire her, but from a nationalist point of view, I don't think she should be president. There's no way she should run the country. She is inefficient in terms of national security, but more than this, she has opposed the 969 Movement, publicly criticised us. For example, she said that the two-child policy and interfaith marriage law were against human rights. This means she is against us."

An interview with Ashin #Wirathu and a glimpse into #Rohingya camps #Religion #Burma #Myanmar: image via Andrew Bateman @Andrew_Bateman, 9 March 2015

I finally touch on Wirathu's closeness to the very same military that imprisoned him. From external commentators to the people I meet on the streets of Mandalay to members of Wirathu's own inner circle, I hear repeated claims of government support of 969 and, particularly, of Wirathu's relationship with a member of Burma's lower house by the name of Aung Thaung. The monk bristles visibly when I say the name, his voice dropping into a deep growl, his eyes fixing themselves upon me. "I've only met Aung Thaung once in my life, after my release from prison after the amnesty in 2012. The minister came here and sat exactly where you are now and I offered him some robes. That's the extent of our relationship. I've had no contact with him by phone, or email or letter. Nothing. Not with him, nor with his followers."

Wirathu stands up. It is clear that the interview is over.

Buddhist mobs attack Muslim businesses: PA photo via British GQ, 11 February 2015

Barack Obama has held up Burma as an avatar of global democratic meliorism. He speaks of offering the "hand of friendship" to President Thein Sein and was swift to remove most of the US sanctions against the regime in the wake of 2011's reforms.

@endgenocide#Democratic #Human #Right #Violation of #TheinSein Government #Myanmar #Rohingya: image via Aung Aung @Aungaungsittwe, 24 March 2015

Obama and the majority of the Western world want to put their faith in a narrative that sees Burma -- previously lumped with North Korea and Iran as an "outpost of tyranny" -- as a rehabilitated pupil, won over to the benefits of political and economic liberalism. The truth, alas, is far murkier and much more sinister.

The enumerators entering Basara (Sanpya) village in #Sittwe to conduct census but left as didn't accept #Rohingya: image via Nay San Lwin @nslwin, 20 March 2014

Certainly the government has released the vast majority of its political prisoners, although many still remain in jail, including a number of Rohingya arrested only for voicing their anger at the treatment of their friends and family. The press has theoretical freedom of speech, although, again, to speak of the Rohingya is a risky business, with several journalists locked up for reporting on life in the camps.

With elections in 2015, it is too soon to know whether the military will truly let the opposition contest freely. Aung San Suu Kyi is still banned from taking office due to a line in the constitution that forbids those married to foreigners becoming president (her late husband was the Oxford academic Michael Aris).

#Aung San Suu Kyi's 'silence' on the #Rohingya: Has 'The Lady' lost her voice? She fear upcoming elections in #Burma: image via mohmmadibrahim @mohmmadibrahim3, 20 April 2014

Burma is of enormous importance for both China and India as the great eastern economic migration continues. As Thant Myint-U, one of Burma's leading intellectuals, has said, "What China is lacking is its California, another coast that would provide its remote interior provinces with an outlet to the sea." Burma, Thant Myint-U says, is seen by China "as the bridge to the Bay of Bengal and the waters beyond". And yet, colouring everything, is the stain of the "slow-burning genocide" taking place in Rakhine State, the violence against Muslims across the rest of the country. Some try to paint this as a sad but understandable corollary of the coming of democracy, others claim that the Rohingya are recent arrivals from Bangladesh and ought to be sent back.

@cnnbrk #Democratic #Human #Right #Violation of #TheinSein Government #Myanmar #Rohingya: image via Aung Aung @Aungaungsittwe, 24 March 2015

The clamour for action grows louder. Many now argue that the government of Burma should be held responsible for the horrors being perpetrated. As Tomás Ojea Quintana, the UN's special rapporteur on Burma, put it to me when I spoke to him on my return from Sittwe, "There has been a history of systematic discrimination against Rohingyas in Rakhine State. This has been aggravated by the government, with the conditions in IDP [internally displaced people] camps becoming dire and the police being accomplices in some of the massacres carried out against the Rohingya."

#Burma cannot convert #Rohingya to #Bengali by force, we are dying for sake of our ethnic name and our Identity: image via mohmmadibrahim @mohmmadibrahim3, 24 April 2014

Another staunch defender of the Rohingya, former US senator Tom Andrews, now head of human-rights organisation United To End Genocide, sees in Burma the victory of "the politics of hate, the politics of fear [led by] a few bitter, radical monks". He views the plight of the Rohingya as a crucial test, not only of Burma's emerging democracy, but of the West's willingness to intervene in humanitarian crises. "There's no one domestically to stand up and speak out for the Rohingya. This makes it all the more important for the international community to exert power and make it count."

@JamilaHanan Look at this car, 969 #Buddhist programs of #Sitagu, head of 969, teacher of #Wirathu going around and spreading hate: image via Aung Aung @Aungaungsittwe, 9 March 2015

IV...Monks with Guns

#Wirathu and two Rakhine Nationalists discussing how to drive Rohingya out from Arakan? #PriorityRohingya: image via Aung Aung #Aungaungsittwe, 16 July 2013

old pic from #Burma #Myanmar at the #ShwedagonPaya hopefully this is not what #Wirathu will preach - #Monks and #Guns: image via ayeshas @ayeshasitara, 11 September 2013

#Wirathu deployed monks to a #Mandalay court in defense of an official accused of rape: image via OpRohingya @OpRohingya, 13 July 2013

Nazis et bouddhistes, bienvenue en #Birmanie | #Wirathu #Myanmar #Burma #Rohingya #buddhism: image via Rémy Fayon @rfayon, 27 June 2013

Known #Myanmar monk #Wirathu in protest agst #UN special rapporteur Yanghee Lee's visit 2 Myanmar@ChannelNewsAsia: image via May Wong @maywongcna, 16 January 2015

#Myanmar #Burma Where's #Wirathu? Monk Says He’s Blocked on Social Media Hashtag sad face: image via Richard Potter @RichardSP86, 28 October 2014

Um.. that's my photo you are using illegally without licensing. Please remove it. RT @969Movement #Wirathu quote: image via Adam Dean @adamjdean, 7 August 2013

#Wirathu is back! Radical Monk in #Myanmar Pledges to Protect Global #Buddhism via @nytimes: image via Ruom @RuomCollective, 29 September 2014

Hope @anadoluagency report the prominence given to terrorist #wirathu in #SriLanka @AsedBaig: image via HudHud @FathimaTL, 28 September 2014

#Wirathu meets #Gnanasara -- the axis of Buddhist extremism in #Burma #SriLanka: image via Liam Allmark @allmark21, 9 March 2014

#Burmese monk #Wirathu is a disgrace to his country.: image via James Williams Liam Allmark @jlwilliamsjrallmark21, 19 January 2015

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